Install Ubuntu 16.04 LTS to the USB flash disk (16GB AxisPLUS):

• Under Windows, just right-click on the .iso file and choose
  
  
  Caution: Do NOT just drag the .iso file into the icon of CD/DVD drive. Otherwise your are burning a disc containing the .iso file instead of making a bootable disc in the format of ISO 9660.
  
  
• Under Linux GUI, you can use burning tools such as Brasero.
  
• Under Linux shell, you can use command line utility such as wodim:
  • To find out the device name of your CD/DVD drive, type widom --devices
    You will see something like:
    

           
        wodim: Overview of accessible drives (1 found) :
        -------------------------------------------------------------------------
         0  dev='/dev/sr1' rwrw-- : 'TSSTcorp' 'CDDVDW SH-S223F'
        -------------------------------------------------------------------------
           

    The device name is then /dev/sr1.
    To check the spec of the CD/DVD drive:
    wodim -prcap dev=/dev/sr1
    
  • To burn the disc, use either of the following commands:
    wodim -v dev=/dev/sr1 speed=10 -eject /temp/file.iso   
    or
    growisofs -dvd-compat -Z /dev/sr1=/temp/file.iso
    
    
• Restart your computer. In the BIOS menu, choose Boot from CD/DVD or something similar. Enter the installation menu of Linux and pay attention to the instructions before you start. Otherwise you will destroy the operating system or the boot record on the harddisk.
  
  Detailed installation procedure using DVD-ROM follows,
  
  1. Using Asus desktop as an example: after power-on, press F8 to enter the BIOS menu for boot device selection .
     Choose the DVD device to boot. Exact name of the device will vary.
     
     
     
  2. The GUI will bring you to the installation after boot.
     Choose either English or Chinese interface, then click Install Ubuntu.
     If you choose Chinese interface, click here.
     If you choose English interface, read the following.
     
     
     
  3. In the Prepare to install menu, do not choose any options to make the procedure simpler. Just click continue.
     
     
     
  4. In the Installation type menu, choose Something else and click continue.
     
     
     
  5. The next step is to partition the disk. First, pay attention to the Device for boot loader installation:
     It must always be set to Axisplus U3S16 (15.7GB)!!!
     In this case, the target device to install Ubuntu Linux is /dev/sdb.
     
     
     
  6. Remove all the partitions that already exist in the USB flash disk.
     In this example, first choose /dev/sdb2, then click the minus sign –. This will remove the partition of /dev/sdb2
     
     
     You will see that /dev/sdb2 disappeared and instead, a free space is obtained.
     
     
     
  7. Next, remove the /dev/sdb1 partition by choosing it then click the minus sign – again.
     
     
     Now you have deleted all of the existing partitions under /dev/sdb.
     The free space under /dev/sdb is 15728MB in size.
     
     
     
  8. Now create a new partition /dev/sdb1 by clicking the free space, then the plus sign +;
     
     
     Appoint the size of /dev/sdb1 as 2048 MB, set its partition type to Primary, Location as Beginning of the space, Use as (filesystem type) FAT32, and assign its Mount point as /dos.
     Click OK.
     
     
     
  9. Create a second partition /dev/sdb2 by clicking the free space, then the plus sign +;
     
     
     Appoint the size of /dev/sdb2 as the default number, which should be 13681 MB by default;
     this is all of the space left in /dev/sdb.
     Set its partition type to Primary, Location as Beginning of the space,
     Use as (filesystem type) Ext4, and assign its Mount point as /
     Click OK.
     
     
     
  10. Now you have finished new partitioning for /dev/sdb.
      Before you proceed installation, make sure that the boot loader is to be installed to Axisplus U3S16 (15.7GB)!!!
      
      
      Click Install Now.
      
      
      
  11. A warning will pop-up which states that the configuration does not contain swap space.
      Just ignore it and click continue because we are installing the Linux system to a flash memory; doing swap using flash device will reduce the life of flash chips.
      
      
      
  12. A confirmation is required before writing changes to disk. Prior to this action, the modifications to the partitions are only done in the memory, and you can undo the change by clicking the Revert.
      Once you click Continue, all the changes to partitions will be written to the disk and undo actions will no longer be possible.
      
      
      
  13. Select your time zone. If you choose English installation, the defult time zone will be the New York time.
      
      Change it to Taiwan by either clicking on the world map, or just type Taiwan in the blank box.
      
      
      Click Continue after you choose the correct local time zone.
      
      
      
  14. Choose the keyboard layout. Leave it as English (US) for English installation interface.
      This sets the layout, NOT the language!!
      
      
      
  15. Create a default account in this Linux system. The login account name is in the field of Pick a username.
      In the following example, the default username is u0123456 and the hostname will be Pluto.
      The field of Your Name is for the finger command output.
      
      
      
  16. The installation will start after you click Continue. The following figures show the screen during installation process. This will take several minutes and if you want to monitor the detail, click on the small white triangle ► next to the Copying files....
      
      
      
      
  17. After installation is completed, click Restart Now. The DVD disk will be ejected and press Enter to reboot.
      
      
      If you got stuck in the shutdown process, press Ctrl-C to force reboot.
      
      
• After the installation is finished, remove the CD/DVD disc from the optical drive and restart your computer. In the BIOS menu, choose Boot from USB. You should be able to see the USB device named something like Axisplus 16GB, which is your USB flash. Boot from it brings you into Linux console.
  
  

First boot after installation

• The boot loader, GRUB2, looks like this:
  
  Just let it boot with *Ubuntu by default. Do not hit any key.
  
  
• The GUI login screen pops out after a few seconds. Type your password to login.
  
  
  
• The first time of your login will give you some hints about shortcut keys. <Super> refers to the window key on your keyboard.
  
  
  
• The dash board of Ubuntu is similar to the search function under Windows.
  
  
  
• Click the dash board and type the keyword of the filename you want to search.
  
  For example, the gnome-terminal
  
  
  

Mandarin-Chinese Input Method

File Manager

Some tools you may try for X-windows

Open the command line shell. Find something like terminal, xterm, gnome-terminal, lxterm and uxterm. Only gnome-terminal has full support for Mandarin-Chinese input. If you choose Chinese at the time of your installation, all of gnome-terminal, lxterm and uxterm will support Chinese input after you configure HIME correctly.


• You should be able to find firefox or opera as the pre-installed web browser. If you want to install Google Chrome, its open-source version in Linux is called Chromium. To install it, type:
  sudo apt-get install chromium-browser
  
  
• Opensource applications that substitute Microsoft Office are LibreOffice or OpenOffice. One of them should be pre-installed.
  The equivalent package names are: .

  M$ Office:	Word	Excel	PowerPoint	Equation editor	Access	Publisher
  LibreOffice:	Write	Calc	Impress	Math	Base	Draw

  
  
  If the Linux distribution that you choose does not contain LibreOffice by default, you can also install it by:
  sudo apt-get install libreoffice
  
  
• Some classic X applications: xclock, xeyes, xmaze, .....etc. Launch them under the shell by commands like:
  xclock &
  Note the ampersand sign & after the command. This submits the command into background. Otherwise your foreground will get stuck until you quit the application.
  

Other applications you will need for your system during this semester

1. Check if /bin/sh is a symbolic link to /bin/bash or /bin/dash. We need the real bash for our class.
   whereis bash
locate bash
sudo apt-get install bash
   
2. Check if your vi | vim is a symbolic link to vim.tiny or vim.basic. We need the real vim for our class.
   whereis vim
locate vim
sudo apt-get install vim
3. File transfer between platforms: FileZilla
   Install it by sudo apt-get install filezilla
   
4. Screen capture: ksnapshot
   See the homepage of your senior schoolmate 黃浩儒 for his experiences in it. You will also need to use it for your presentation website.
5. If you failed to get an IP address using DHCP, type sudo dhclient

Rescue Boot Record of Windows

• Boot with the Windows installation DVD.
• Choose "repair your computer" (修復你的電腦)
  
• Choose "operating system you want to repair" (你想修復的系統)
  
  
• Choose "command prompt" (命令提示字元)
  
  
• Type diskpart,
  then select disk 0,
  then select partiton 1,
  then active, finally exit.
  Replace the disk/partition number with that of your system.
  
  
  
• Type bootrec /fixmbr
  bootrec /rebuildbcd
  bootrec /fixboot
  
  
• Then reboot system.

Some of the progress of next week:

More shell commands: